Research Status and Prospect of GNSS Jamming and Spoofing Detection

‍ ‍The Global Navigation Satellite System （GNSS） plays a critical role in the military defense and in diverse range of the national economy. Today， the security of GNSS has become a significant concern. GNSS is fragile and vulnerable to jamming or spoofing because of the weak signal strength and the open architecture of civilian GNSS. GNSS jamming and spoofing can affect GNSS positioning accuracy or provide incorrect routes， reducing the quality of service in minor cases， can lead to serious consequences such as interruptions， economic losses and failure of military operations in severe cases. Although there is a wealth of research results on GNSS system security issues， the related research papers are scattered in publications in different fields， and review papers dealing with GNSS jamming and spoofing detection， experimental systems and datasets from a radio monitoring and regulatory perspective are lacking. Based on the situation， the paper surveys a large amount of representative literature in terms of principles， detection methods， experimental systems and open source datasets， and presents the current state of research on GNSS interference and spoofing detection in a more systematic manner according to “principles-detection-experimental systems-datasets”. The principles and classification of GNSS jamming are firstly introduced， and the statistical-based detection， time-frequency analysis-based detection and machine-learning-based detection methods are discussed， respectively. Secondly， the principle of GNSS spoofing is introduced， and spoofing detection techniques are presented in terms of whether additional hardware is required， and the process of satellite signals from generation to the final realization of positioning. Then， experimental systems and open-source datasets for jamming and spoofing are presented. Finally， the current status and future trends are summarized and prospected， aiming to promote the development of GNSS jamming and spoofing detection theories and techniques and to facilitate their applications in radio monitoring field.