Review of Acoustic Detection Methods for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

The widespread application of unmanned aerial vehicles （UAVs） in fields like security surveillance， energy inspection， logistics transportation， and military reconnaissance has led to new security risks like unauthorized black flights and has profoundly influenced the evolution of modern warfare. Hence， establishing a reliable UAV detection system has emerged as an urgent research topic for safeguarding low-altitude security and addressing emerging threats. While detection tools like radar， electro-optical sensors， and radio frequency monitors encounter challenges from factors like line-of-sight obstruction， small target size， and radio silence， acoustic detection offers passive noise reception， all-weather and non-line-of-sight capabilities， and immunity to electromagnetic interference， making it an indispensable component of anti-UAV systems in complex environments. This paper systematically reviews the research progress in UAV-oriented acoustic detection. Building on a summary of typical acoustic anti-UAV products and engineered systems worldwide， we present the latest advancements in UAV acoustic localization and identification. Furthermore， based on the key challenges remaining in practical applications， the paper analyzes current research developments and technological trends and outlines potential directions for future research.