Abstract: Wideband fully polarized vertical insect radar is a kind of radar system which uses wideband signal to distinguish single insect in the air and uses multi-polarization channel to measure insect fully polarized. When the reflected power of electromagnetic waves in different polarization axes can be clearly distinguished, the radar uses the basic principle of "when the polarization direction is parallel to the insect body axis, the echo power is maximum", and obtain the insect body axis direction by measuring the insect polarization scattering matrix, which plays an important role in the study of the direction of insect body axis. The existing vertical insect radar uses the method of mechanical rotating antenna feed, time-sharing measurement target insect, in this method, measure accuracy is poor, because the polarization measurement contains error of the target motion and time-sharing channel stability with time varying the measurement error. In order to achieve the high resolution of insects all polarization scattering measurement, this paper proposes frequency-stepped chirp signal with frequency and phase modulation coded, and an inside-radar calibration method. Develop a wideband vertical insect fully polarized radar system. This paper contains the theoretical method of simulation analysis and physical verification. Verify the radar system can realize the stability measurement of the insect's simultaneous fully polarized, and the measurement accuracy of the insect body axis direction.