基于机器学习的阵列层析SAR建筑物目标提取方法

Building Target Extraction Methods in Array SAR Tomography Based on Machine Learning

  • 摘要: 阵列层析SAR通过交轨向布置多个不同高度天线、方位向合成孔径和斜距向大带宽信号,具备三维成像能力,单次航过即可实现观测区域的三维点云获取。受限于阵元数目和基线长度,高程向分辨率较低,同时建筑物区域存在叠掩,在三维重建过程中提取建筑物目标特征效率较低。针对这个问题,该文提出了一种基于机器学习的建筑物目标识别和提取算法,通过基于多元线性回归的点云分割、基于梯度算子的边缘提取和基于聚类分析的建筑物分区重建,进行建筑物立面、顶面和地面的提取,能够得到较好的立面与地面相交的脚印信息,大大提高了特征提取效率。通过国内首次机载阵列层析SAR实验数据处理结果,验证了该方法的有效性。

     

    Abstract: By settling multiple antennas of different heights in intersection direction, synthesizing aperture in azimuth direction and using wide bandwidth signals in slope range, 3D imaging is now possible in array SAR Tomography system by employing 3D point clouds obtained from censors with a single flight in the observation area. Restricted to the number of arrays and the finite baseline length in reality, the high resolution in the elevation direction becomes a difficult task. In addition, the process of building feature extraction is still of low efficiency due to the layover phenomenon existence in urban areas. In order to overcome this problem, a novel method for building feature detection and extraction based on machine learning is proposed. The facades, roofs and grounds have to be extracted from other points, which is accomplished by a point cloud segmentation based on multiple linear regression, an edge extraction using gradient operator and a partition reconstruction exploiting clustering analysis. The method ensures adequate footprints information crossed by the fa?ade and the ground, and improves the efficiency of building feature extraction. Experimental studies with respect to the actual airborne array TomoSAR data obtained from the first 3D imaging experiment in China were carried out to demonstrate the validity.

     

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