Abstract: A direct position determination algorithm of array signal for single moving station using doppler is proposed to solve problem that the traditional two-step algorithm’s estimation accuracy is not ideal due to the loss of information for single moving station location. The problem that to get the target position information from the received data is transformed into the issue of getting maximum characteristics of Hermitian matrix comprising a radiation source location information using the maximum likelihood estimation for unknown signal and known signal, and gain the radiation source location by two-dimensional geographic grid searching. At the same time, this paper also deduces the Cramér–Rao lower bound (CRLB), and analyzes the affect of doppler error to algorithm performance and computational load. The theoretical analysis and simulation experiment showed that the estimation error of direct position determination algorithm of single moving station can approximate CRLB, and the positioning accuracy is better compared with the two-step localization algorithm.