Energy efficiency optimization algorithm for heterogeneous cellular network based on Stackelberg game

Device To Device (D2D) communication allows mobile terminals to communicate directly without going through the base station. In order to improve the energy efficiency of cellular systems, D2D communication which shared the spectrum with cellular was introduced to form a heterogeneous cellular network. The D2D communication energy efficiency optimization problem was transformed into the maximization problem of game revenue in this paper, and a distributed power control algorithm based on Stackelberg game was proposed. The functional relationship between interference price coefficient and D2D transmission power was established for cross-tier interference and inter-tier interference existing in the system model. And the closed expression of the best D2D transmission power had been calculated under the given interference price coefficient in this algorithm. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively improve the overall energy efficiency of D2D communication on the basis of maximizing the gains of cellular users at the base station.