Abstract: In order to improve the throughput of traditional satellite communication systems, a new satellite communication system was proposed based on the complex field network coding (CFNC) in this paper. By encoding signals of every user-end with CFNC before transmitting, the proposed scheme exhibited desirable throughput compared with traditional satellite communication systems. Considering that there were different types of communication satellite platforms, this scheme was suited for both processing transponder based communication satellites and transparent transponder based communication satellites. What’s more, this scheme supported symbol-level signals to be encoded and multiple end-users networks without increasing the transmit-power. We analyzed the throughput and symbol error probability (SEP) of the proposed scheme, and it was proved that this scheme increased the system throughput without much loss of SEP performance. Specially, performance of the proposed scheme was compared with that of the Galois field network coded (GFNC) scheme in the two-way satellite communication system, and it was demonstrated that the proposed scheme had advantages of higher throughput and more general implementation circumstances. Finally, analytical results were supported and validated by numerical simulations.