Abstract: A new scheme of physical-layer network coding (PNC) with minimum shift keying (MSK) modulation, i.e., MSK-PNC, for two-way relay channels was proposed. Compared with the schemes with BPSK, QPSK and other linear modulation methods for PNC, the MSK-PNC scheme had better spectral and power efficiency. In this paper, the signal detection for PNC with MSK modulation was investigated, and two detection methods were proposed. The first one was orthogonal demodulation and mapping (ODM), and the second one was maximum-likelihood sequence detection (MLSD). Numerical and simulation results show that with ODM method, the bit error rate (BER) performance of MSK-PNC is the same as that of QPSK-PNC. Although MLSD algorithm has higher computational complexity, it outperforms ODM method in terms of BER and also can be used for signal detection for PNC with CPFSK modulation.