Abstract: For microphone array speech enhancement system of high precision and strong real-time data acquisition needs, a FPGA-based microphone array data acquisition system has been designed and implemented. The system which mainly includes digital-to-analog conversion module, data receiving-processing module and the Ethernet control module achieved high-quality sampling and transmission rate for 16-channel-voice signals. In this system, UDP datagram protocol was implemented on FPGA by using Verilog which is a hardware programming language. Compared with the UDP protocol implemented on the TCP/IP protocol family of operating system, the resource utilization is greatly improved. The test results show that the system can collect and transmit the 16-channel-voice signals with high-precision, high-reliability real-time acquisition, and the Ethernet transmission rate is 2.3MByte/s , which met the research needs for microphone array speech enhancement system.