大规模MIMO多小区TDD系统中的导频污染减轻方法

Pilot Contamination Reduction in Very Large MIMO Multi-Cell TDD Systems

  • 摘要: 由L个小区组成的大规模MIMO TDD系统中的下行用户和速率随着基站天线数M的增加主要受限于小区间的上行导频污染。假设小区内导频正交,小区间导频完全复用,分别推导了基站估计所有信道和期望信道的MSE闭式表达式MMSE和MMSEl,并获得了MMSE的下界为M(L-1)和MMSEl的上界为M(L-1)/L。并且发现随着天线数M的增长且当导频序列长度t较大时,t的大小对MMSE和MMSEl性能的影响很小,由此提出一种上行导频功率控制方法,即把通常的导频发射时隙分为两段,使交叉增益相对较大的小区间的导频发射时隙错开,从而提高MMSE和MMSEl性能,由此基站可以设计出更加精确的预编码,进而极大地提升了每小区下行多用户可达和速率性能。理论分析和数值仿真结果都验证了这一结论。

     

    Abstract: n very large MIMO time-division duplex system with L cells,the sum-rate in downlink is bottlenecked by the problem of pilot contamination as the base station’s antennas number M grows. Assuming uplink training with orthogonal training sequence in one cell while aligned pilots are used in all cells, the close form analytical expression of the mean square error (MSE) of the channel estimators MMSE( for all channels) and MιMSE(only for desired channels) were proposed, respectively. And MMSE has a lower bound M(L-1) while MιMSE has an upper bound M(L-1)/L. We found that when the length of training sequence t is relatively large with the antennas number M’s increasing, t has little effect on the performance of  MιMSE and  MιMSE . Thus, a pilot power control scheme in uplink was proposed, which dividing the training phase into two parts and making the pilot transmissions in the cells with relatively big cross gain staggered. The performance of MMSE and MιMSE were improved by it so that the base station could design much better precoding, which greatly enhancing the sumrate in downlink precell. The theoretical analysis and numerical results both verified the results.

     

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