Abstract: With the rapid growing of MTC (Machine Type Communication) mobile terminal, network congestion is becoming more and more serious. In this paper, we propose a Multi Group-based and Device Side Key Distribution Secure Authentication and Key Agreement, MGDK-AKA protocol. In the protocol, firstly large number of requests the access device to be divided into multiple groups according to certain rules. Group header aggregate the request message of group members, and the group header and the core network complete the whole authentication and key negotiation process. The group members only complete mutual authentication with the group header, thus avoiding a large number of devices to access the core network simultaneously. At the same time, the key distribution on the side of the core network is transferred to the device side, which can further overcome the network congestion and ensure the secure transmission of the data. The security analysis shows that the proposed scheme can achieve the security goals, and prevent the security threats. Simulation results verify the feasibility of the protocol in network congestion avoidance.