基于在线训练的RIS辅助通信系统低复杂度信道估计方法
Online Training-based Channel Estimation for RIS-assisted Communication Systems with Low Complexity
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摘要: 在可重构智能表面(Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface,RIS)辅助通信系统中,设计复杂度低、估计精度高的信道估计算法具有重要意义。本文针对RIS辅助多输入单输出(Multi-input Single-output,MISO)系统的上行链路,提出了一种基于在线训练的低复杂度学习型信道估计(Low Complexity Learning Channel Estimation,LCL-CE)方法,利用RIS反射单元级联信道之间的空间相关性,根据一部分反射单元级联信道的最小二乘(Least Squares,LS)估计结果得到剩余反射单元的级联信道。在训练阶段,首先利用LS估计获取一组训练数据集,然后通过训练得到线性神经网络的权重矩阵;在级联信道估计阶段,通过发送少量导频即可获取所有RIS反射单元的级联信道估计。本文首先阐述了LCL-CE方法的实现思路、导频分布方案和线性神经网络基本结构,进一步针对在线训练方法进行详细说明,并给出训练数据集的生成方式,最后对比基于传统神经网络的信道估计方法进行计算复杂度和导频开销分析。仿真结果表明,与传统基于机器学习的信道估计方法相比,本文所提的低复杂度学习型信道估计方法可以利用较低的导频开销获得较高的估计精度。Abstract: In Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS)-assisted communication systems, channel estimation algorithms should be designed with low complexity and a high estimation accuracy. In this paper, aiming at the uplink of a RIS-assisted Multi-input Single-output (MISO) system, we propose a low-complexity learning channel estimation (LCL-CE) method based on online training. Utilizing the spatial correlation between the cascaded channels of RIS reflection elements, the cascaded channels of the remaining reflection elements are obtained from the Least Squares (LS) estimation results of partial reflection elements. In the training stage, a set of training datasets is first obtained using LS estimation, and then the weight matrix of the linear neural network is obtained through training. In the cascaded channel estimation stage, the cascaded channels of all RIS reflection elements can be obtained by sending a small amount of the pilot signal. This paper first describes the implementation concept of the LCL-CE method, the pilot distribution scheme, and the basic structure of the linear neural network. Subsequently, the online training and training dataset generation methods are elaborated. Finally, we compare the computational complexity and pilot overhead analysis with the channel estimation method based on the traditional neural network. Simulation results showed that compared with the traditional machine learning-based channel estimation method, the low-complexity learning channel estimation method can obtain a higher estimation accuracy with a lower pilot overhead.