雷达信号与遥感地图融合的深度学习低慢小目标检测算法

Deep Learning Detection Algorithm for Low Slow Small Targets by Fusion of Radar Signals and Remote Sensing Maps

  • 摘要: 雷达复杂环境低慢小目标检测是一项具有挑战性的任务,而利用深度学习以及数据特征融合等方法是解决这一难题的有效手段。本文在雷达地图融合检测网络(Radar Map fusion Detection Network, RMDN)的基础上进行了优化,主要优化方向为将雷达与地图信息在检测过程中进行重要性程度区分,具体优化内容为减少地图特征提取模块的网络深度,加入通道注意力机制,让神经网络自主学习雷达信息与地图信息特征的权重,使神经网能够更好地利用地图信息对雷达目标进行辅助检测。在此优化基础上,本文重新设计出了雷达地图融合检测网络RMDN-V2。算法的主要思想为利用卫星遥感地图来提供背景环境信息,作为雷达信号检测的辅助,通过将目标背景中的特征信息融入检测决策中,提高目标检测的准确性和鲁棒性,减少对强杂波和移动物体的干扰敏感性,改善目标检测算法在复杂环境下的表现。最后的无人机雷达实测数据实验结果表明,本文所做的针对性优化是有效的,RMDN-V2的检测性能优于原始的RMDN,同时本文算法检测性能远超传统的雷达检测算法,同时也优于目前主流的一些深度学习雷达目标检测算法。本文为解决当下低慢小目标检测的难题提出了新的算法。

     

    Abstract: ‍ ‍The detection of low slow small targets in complex radar environments is a challenging task, and the use of deep learning and data feature fusion methods is an effective means to solve this problem. This paper optimizes the Radar Map fusion Detection Network (RMDN) based on the original algorithm, mainly focusing on distinguishing the importance of radar and map information in the detection process. The specific optimization content is to reduce the network depth of the map feature extraction module, add a channel attention mechanism, and allow the neural network to autonomously learn the weights of radar and map information features, so that the neural network can better utilize map information to assist in the detection of radar targets. Based on this optimization, this paper redesigns the Radar Map Fusion Detection Network RMDN-V2. The main idea of the algorithm is to use satellite remote sensing maps to provide background environmental information as an aid to radar signal detection. By incorporating feature information from the target background into the detection decision, it improves the accuracy and robustness of target detection, reduces the sensitivity to strong clutter and moving objects, and improves the performance of target detection algorithms in complex environments. In the original RMDN algorithm, there was no distinction between the importance of radar information and map information. The two occupy the same position in the algorithm, which is inconsistent with the role of satellite remote sensing maps only providing background environment information. This leads to the neural network overly relying on map information, causing the network to believe that the target will only appear in specific terrain areas, ultimately resulting in overfitting. In the newly proposed RMDN-V2 algorithm, targeted design is made to address this issue, with a focus on distinguishing the importance of radar information and map information in the entire detection process. This enables neural networks to autonomously learn the weights of radar information and map information features, allowing them to better utilize map information for auxiliary detection of radar targets, rather than just remembering special terrain areas, alleviating the existing overfitting phenomenon. In addition, this article further analyzes the impact of input data RD peak area map size and peak map size selection on the detection performance of RMDN class algorithms. The experimental results of the final drone radar test data show that the targeted optimization carried out in this article is effective. The RMDN-V2 algorithm has shown good detection performance for both types of drone target detection, especially for the smaller and more difficult to detect DJI Mavic 2 Pro. The detection performance of RMDN-V2 has been significantly improved, with a false alarm rate of1×10-6, the detection rate of RMDN-V2 for DJI Mavic 2 Pro is about 30% higher than RMDN and about 50% higher than CFAR detection. Through comparison, it was found that the detection performance of the algorithm in this article is also better than some mainstream deep learning radar target detection algorithms currently available. This article proposes a new algorithm to solve the current problem of low slow small target detection.

     

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