太赫兹超大规模3D MIMO系统中的波束斜视补偿技术
Beam Squint Compensation Technology in Ultra-large-scale 3D MIMO Terahertz Systems
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摘要: 太赫兹通信技术凭借超大带宽的优势成为未来6G的关键技术之一。超大规模天线技术可以提供巨大的空间分集,提升频谱效率,同样在6G无线通信系统中起到关键作用。在基于移相器的大规模MIMO(multiple-input multiple-output)混合预编码中,由于太赫兹频段的超大带宽,不同频率的子载波信道具有不同的等效空间方向,发射端波束形成时,将带来严重的波束斜视问题。与此同时,随着天线规模的不断增长,超大规模天线技术的应用更进一步扩大了波束斜视造成的影响。针对超大规模天线阵列带来的波束斜视现象放大问题,本文利用3D MIMO平面天线阵列来改善这一状况。为进一步改善太赫兹频段超大带宽引起的波束斜视,在3D大规模MIMO系统的基础上,本文提出了基于两层移相器结构的混合预编码方案,利用第二层移相器,对不同频率的子载波进行补偿。实验结果表明,本方法可以有效地弥补波束斜视带来的阵列增益损失,实现接近最优的系统性能。Abstract: Terahertz communication technology has been considered as one of the promising technologies for the future 6G wireless communications with the advantage of its ultra-large bandwidth. Ultra-large-scale antenna technology can provide huge spatial diversity and improve spectrum efficiency, which also plays a key role in 6G wireless communications. In the phase-shifter based massive MIMO (multiple-input multiple-output) hybrid precoding system, due to the ultra-large bandwidth of the terahertz frequency band, the subcarrier channels with different frequencies have different equivalent spatial directions. Therefore, the beamforming at the transmitter will cause serious beam squint problems. At the same time, with the continuous increasing of antennas scale, the application of ultra-large-scale antenna technology further aggravating the loss caused by beam squint. In view of the amplification of beam squint caused by ultra-large antenna arrays, this paper uses 3D MIMO planar antenna arrays to improve this situation. In order to improve the system performance, based on the 3D massive MIMO system, this paper proposed a hybrid precoding scheme based on a two-layer phase-shifter structure, and uses the second-layer phase-shifters to compensate the subcarriers with different frequencies. Simulation results reveal that the method can effectively compensate for the array gain loss caused by beam squint and achieve near-optimal system performance.