Abstract: The coverage rate is of great significance to the signal detection in the wireless sensor network nodes deployment. Improving the regional coverage rate by intelligent optimization algorithms has become one of the research hotspots in field of wireless sensor network. When the target area electromagnetic environment is unknown, this paper puts forward a distributed wireless sensor network nodes deployment algorithm to improve the coverage rate of nodes in the key area of the target area and reduces the delivery of redundant sensor nodes. Firstly, the algorithm locates and estimates the key area by randomly deploying a few sensor nodes and putting them into their first work. Then the algorithm improves the key area by integrating it into the objective function and particle renewal equation of the particle swarm optimization to redeploy the sensor nodes which can optimize the coverage rate of key area and reduce the redundant sensor nodes. According to simulation results, the algorithm proposed in this paper has higher coverage rate and fewer iterations than standard particle swarm optimization algorithm and some other algorithms.