一种基于数字去斜体制的雷达宽窄带协同探测的软硬结合实现方法

Hardware-Software Co-Implementation for Wideband and Narrowband Cooperative Detection Based on Digital Dechirp Architecture

  • 摘要: 随着低空空域的逐步开放,以无人机、通用航空器、大规模鸟群为代表的“低慢小”目标低空活动愈发频繁。“低慢小”目标因其低空、慢速、雷达散射截面积小等特点、极易与复杂的地物杂波、气象杂波融为一体,使得传统监视手段在探测效能上往往难以满足需求。针对此问题,本文提出一种基于去斜体制的宽带、窄带协同探测的雷达硬件的设计方案,基于射频片上系统(Radio Frequency System-on-Chip,RFSoC)、光纤传输卡、现场可编程门阵列裸板(Field-Programmable Gate Array,FPGA)等板级硬件,构建了“宽波束+长时积累”的广域“泛探”与“窄波束+宽带信号”的高分辨“精探”协同工作模式。同时针对去斜体制雷达,提出多通道软、硬结合的校正方法,针对雷达模拟前端宽带信号通道响应的频域不一致性,首先,本文在去斜域内对单通道信号进行时域包络对齐,将不同回波距离对应的差频信号映射至统一的时域参考基准,在此基础上完成单通道幅度与相位均衡;其次,针对多通道接收链路中由模拟前端不一致性、射频数据转换器(Radio Frequency Data Converter,RFDC)采样特性以及系统时钟分配等因素共同引起的亚采样级时间失配问题,在RFSoC端引入分数时延滤波器,实现去斜后信号频率一致性的硬件级校准;随后,在图形处理器(Graphics Processing Unit,GPU)端对多通道信号的剩余幅度与初始相位误差进行精细补偿,实现满足宽带去斜体制精度要求的亚采样级多通道一致性校正。对于去斜体制宽带信号的数字波束形成,进行数字硬件级实现;最后,完成对雷达前端、数字板卡、光纤传输卡、服务器显示控制端及GPU数据处理的完整系统构建。实验结果表明,该系统在窄带模式下具备广域凝视能力,在宽带模式下距离分辨率约0.5 m,有效验证了协同探测体制的工程可行性。

     

    Abstract: With the gradual opening of low-altitude airspace, activities involving low, slow, and small (LSS) targets, represented by unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), general aviation aircraft, and large bird flocks, are becoming increasingly frequent. Characterized by low flight altitude, slow speed, and small radar cross section (RCS), LSS targets easily merge with complex ground and meteorological clutter, often making traditional surveillance methods inadequate for efficient detection. To address this problem, this study proposes a hardware design scheme for wideband and narrowband cooperative detection radar based on a digital dechirp architecture. Utilizing board-level hardware, including the radio frequency system-on-chip (RFSoC), optical fiber transmission cards, and field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), the system establishes a cooperative operating mode that combines wide-area broad search (using broad beams and long-time integration) with high-resolution fine detection (using narrow beams and wideband signals). Meanwhile, for the dechirp radar architecture, a multi-channel calibration method combining hardware and software is proposed. To address frequency-domain inconsistencies in the wideband signal channel response of the radar analog front-end, the method first performs time-domain envelope alignment for single-channel signals within the dechirp domain. This process maps beat-frequency signals corresponding to different echo ranges to a unified time-domain reference, enabling subsequent amplitude and phase equalization for each channel. Second, to address sub-sample-level time mismatch in the multi-channel receiving link caused by analog front-end inconsistencies, radio frequency data converter (RFDC) sampling characteristics, and system clock distribution, fractional delay filters are introduced at the RFSoC stage to achieve hardware-level calibration of signal frequency consistency after dechirping. Subsequently, residual amplitude and initial phase errors of multi-channel signals are finely compensated on the graphics processing unit (GPU), achieving sub-sample-level multi-channel consistency calibration that meets the precision requirements of the wideband dechirp architecture. Digital hardware implementation is carried out for digital beamforming of dechirp wideband signals. Finally, a complete system comprising the radar front-end, digital boards, optical fiber transmission cards, server display control, and GPU data processing modules is implemented. Experimental results show that the system provides wide-area staring capability in narrowband mode and achieves a range resolution of approximately 0.5 m in wideband mode, validating the engineering feasibility of the proposed cooperative detection scheme.

     

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