基于探鸟雷达的飞鸟行为模式挖掘方法

A Method for Avian Flight Behavior Pattern Mining Based on Avian Radar Data

  • 摘要: 为解决传统机场鸟情分析中对鸟类飞行行为意图理解不足的问题,本文提出一种基于探鸟雷达的鸟类飞行行为模式挖掘方法。该方法以机场数字阵探鸟雷达采集的真实鸟类航迹数据为基础,通过构建包含平均速度、平均高度、平均航迹平直度、水平转弯率均方根及航迹总持续时长在内的多维运动学“航迹画像”,并采用一种以最小化样本与质心距离平方和为目标的无监督划分式聚类方法对数据进行模式挖掘。研究结合肘部法则以及Calinski-Harabasz指数等多种客观评估指标,共同确定最优聚类数量为五类。在K=5时,Calinski-Harabasz指数达到峰值10263.09,有力支持了该K值的选择。为进一步验证聚类效果,通过与高斯混合模型进行对比,从定量指标和可视化结果两方面均证明了所选方法的优越性。研究识别出五种具有显著统计学差异的飞行行为模式,分别为:中低空高速通行模式、低空慢速盘旋模式、中低空曲折行进模式、中低空长时滞空模式和高空迁徙/异常模式。结合UMAP(Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection)降维可视化与典型航迹三维重构分析,直观验证了各类行为模式在特征空间中的客观存在性与可分性。本文将鸟情分析从传统的目标识别提升到对飞行意图的理解层面,为机场鸟击风险的精细化评估与智能预警提供了新的视角与技术支撑。

     

    Abstract: This paper proposes a method for mining bird behavior patterns based on avian radar to address the lack of in-depth understanding of avian behavioral intent in traditional airport bird situation analysis. The method is based on real-world bird track data collected by a digital array avian radar. Multi-dimensional kinematic “track profiles” including average speed, average altitude, average trajectory straightness, root mean square of horizontal turn rate, and total trajectory duration are constructed. An unsupervised partitioning clustering method, which aims to minimize the sum of squared distances from samples to their assigned centroids, was then employed for pattern mining. The optimal number of clusters is determined to be five by combining the Elbow method and objective evaluation metrics such as the Calinski-Harabasz Index. At K=5, the Calinski-Harabasz Index reached a peak of 10263.09, strongly supporting this choice of K. Furthermore, to validate clustering effectiveness, a comparison with a Gaussian mixture model demonstrated the superiority of the selected method, both quantitatively and visually. The study identified five statistically distinct flight behavior patterns: mid-low altitude high-speed transit, low-altitude slow milling, mid-low altitude meandering movement, mid-low altitude long-duration loitering, and high-altitude migration/anomaly. By combining uniform manifold approximation and projection dimensionality reduction visualization with typical 3D trajectory reconstruction analysis, the existence and separability of these behavior patterns in the feature space were visually verified. This research elevates bird situation analysis from traditional target identification to an understanding of flight intent, providing a new perspective and technical support for fine-grained assessment and intelligent early warning of airport bird strike risks.

     

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