基于LSTM数据驱动的北斗导航电文译码算法

A Data-Driven Decoding Algorithm for BeiDou Navigation Messages Based on an LSTM Model

  • 摘要: 在高轨道及深空通信环境中,由于信号传播距离长且发射功率有限,导航电文在接收端往往处于极低信噪比(Signal-to-noise Ratio,SNR)状态,从而导致所采用的低密度奇偶校验码(Low-Density Parity-Check Code,LDPC)译码算法可靠性显著下降,面临严峻的解码挑战。为解决这一问题,本文提出了一种融合导航先验信息与深度学习预测的LDPC译码方法。该算法基于导航电文参数的内在数据演化特性,在扩展最小和(Extended Min-Sum,EMS)译码框架下,利用长短期记忆网络(Long Short-Term Memory,LSTM)对轨道与钟差参数进行预测,并引入演化一致性约束,使预测趋势更符合参数的实际变化规律。结合预测结果构造的先验信息,用于对变量节点的初始对数似然比(Log-Likelihood Ratio,LLR)进行加权修正,从而增强低信噪比条件下的译码可靠性。本文对上述算法进行了仿真验证,在IGS RINEX 4.00(2024年)数据集上,选取中圆轨道(Medium Earth Orbit,MEO)和倾斜地球同步轨道(Inclined GeoSynchronous Orbit,IGSO)的北斗卫星(如C35、C38)进行实验验证。结果表明,所融合的先验信息在靠近参数最高有效位(Most Significant Bit,MSB)的位置更加可靠,在最低有效位(Least Significant Bit,LSB)一侧则趋近随机。将先验权重设定在0.4~0.8区间,可在提高低信噪比译码增益与保证高信噪比下译码结果无偏之间取得稳健折中。性能评估显示,相较传统EMS算法,本文方法在低信噪比区间(1~2 dB)将误码率(Bit Error Rate,BER)降低了约3~4个数量级,并在目标BER=10-5处实现了约1.0~1.5 dB的译码门限增益。在更宽的信噪比范围内,该方法依然保持稳定收敛,相比传统方案整体将译码阈值左移约1.5 dB。研究结果表明,融合先验信息的译码方法在超低信噪比条件下可实现稳健的译码增益。

     

    Abstract: In high-Earth-orbit and deep-space links, the long propagation distance and limited transmit power often drive navigation messages into an ultralow signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) regime at the receiver in which the reliability of low-density parity-check (LDPC) decoding degrades markedly and decoding becomes challenging. To address this issue, we propose an LDPC decoding approach that fuses navigation-domain priors with prediction by deep learning models. Building on the intrinsic temporal evolution of navigation parameters, the method operates within an extended min-sum (EMS) decoding framework and uses a long short-term memory (LSTM) network to predict orbit and clock-bias states. An evolution-consistency constraint is introduced to align the predicted trends with the physical dynamics of these parameters. The resulting priors are then used to re-weight and refine the initial variable-node log-likelihood ratios (LLR) to improve decoding robustness under low SNR. We validated the algorithm via simulation on the IGS RINEX 4.00 (2024) dataset using BeiDou satellites in medium Earth orbit (MEO) and inclined geosynchronous orbit (IGSO), e.g., C35 and C38. The results indicated that the fused prior was more reliable near the most significant bits (MSB) of the parameters and tended toward randomness near the least significant bits (LSB). Setting the prior weight in the 0.4~0.8 range yielded a robust trade-off between low-SNR coding gain and unbiased decisions at high SNR. The results of an experimental evaluation showed that the proposed scheme reduced the bit error rate (BER) by roughly three to four orders of magnitude in the 1 to 2 dB SNR interval compared to a conventional EMS decoder. Moreover, it also achieved a decoding-threshold gain of about 1.0~1.5 dB at a target BER of 10-5. Over a broader SNR range, the method remained stably convergent. Overall, it left-shifted the decoding threshold by approximately 1.5 dB compared with the baseline. These findings suggest that the fused-prior approach provides robust decoding gains under ultralow SNR conditions.

     

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