基于IRS天线阵架构的ISAC波束赋形优化

Beamforming Optimization for ISAC Systems Based on IRS-Aided Antennas

  • 摘要: 通感一体化(Integrated Sensing and Communication, ISAC)技术凭借其谱效高、能耗低及硬件成本优势,为高动态飞行自组网(Flying Ad-Hoc Networks, FANET)的波束赋形(Beamforming, BF)优化提供了新范式。本文将高能效智能反射面天线阵(Intelligent Reflecting Surface-Aided Antennas, IRS-A)引入FANET分簇结构中,通过联合优化簇头(Cluster Head, CH)ISAC收发BF和感知目标簇成员(Cluster Member, CM)通信接收BF提升FANET-ISAC系统中的CH-CM链路感知性能。具体而言,感知互信息(Sensing Mutual Information, SMI)作为目标响应信道和回波信号之间的条件互信息,可以表征感知目标信息获取的极限,本文以SMI作为性能指标,构建了在信号传输功率预算、IRS-A相移和通信服务质量约束下的BF优化框架。为了解决该多变量耦合的复杂非凸问题,本文提出了一种CH-CM联合收发BF交替优化算法,将原问题顺序拆解成系列子问题并迭代求解:基于瑞利定理得到CM通信接收数字BF闭式解,采用交替方向乘子法重构CH的ISAC收发BF子问题,进而基于加权最小均方误差推导其闭式解,最后采用流形优化算法设计IRS-A相移因子。仿真结果表明,所提出的优化算法能有效提升FANET-ISAC系统的SMI和感知能效。

     

    Abstract: Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC) technology has emerged as a new paradigm for beamforming (BF) optimization in highly dynamic Flying Ad-Hoc Networks (FANET), owing to its spectral efficiency, low energy consumption, and cost-effectiveness. Herein, an energy-efficient Intelligent Reflecting Surface-Aided Antenna (IRS-A) is introduced into the clustered architecture of FANET. By jointly optimizing the ISAC transmit and receive BF at the Cluster Head (CH) and the communication receive BF at the sensing-targeted Cluster Member (CM), we enhance the sensing performance of CH-CM links in FANET-ISAC systems. Specifically, sensing mutual information (SMI), defined as the conditional mutual information between target response channels and echo signals, is adopted to characterize the theoretical limit of information acquisition for sensing targets. An optimization framework is established with SMI as the performance metric under constraints of transmission power budgets, IRS-A phase shifts, and communication quality-of-service requirements. To address this complex non-convex problem with coupled variables, a hybrid CH-CM BF alternating optimization algorithm is proposed. The original problem is sequentially decomposed into subproblems and solved iteratively: the receive digital BF at the CM is acquired based on the Rayleigh theorem, the CH ISAC transceiver BF subproblem is reformulated through the alternating direction method of multipliers, the closed-form solutions are derived using the weighted minimum mean-square error, and IRS-A phase shifts are optimized via manifold optimization. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm significantly improves the SMI and sensing energy efficiency of FANET-ISAC systems.

     

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