基于改进Transformer的天波超视距雷达目标跟踪方法
Target Tracking Method Based on Improved Transformer for Skywave Over-the-Horizon Radar
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摘要: 天波超视距雷达在远程目标检测与跟踪上有独特优势,但也存在着测量精度低、目标跟踪难的问题。为此,本文提出了一种天波雷达量测坐标系下的目标跟踪方法,即双通道特征融合Transformer网络(Dual-Channel Feature Fusion Transformer Network,DcFFTNet)。DcFFTNet通过双通道特征融合模块提取不同维度的目标轨迹序列信息,构建得到整个轨迹序列每个时间步综合状态的特征向量,使得每个维度的特征都能得到充分的表达,从而更全面地描述目标的运动状态和特性。并且,DcFFTNet通过多头可变形注意力机制,自适应地选择需要关注的轨迹序列区域,从而更好地捕捉跟踪过程中关键时刻的量测信息。因此,该方法实现了对轨迹序列更丰富的特征表示以及自适应的注意力提取,能够对天波超视距雷达探测目标进行有效跟踪。为了训练和测试网络模型,本文基于状态空间模型和天波雷达量测模型构建了目标运动轨迹生成器,生成匀速直线和匀速转弯混合运动的目标轨迹样本数据集。仿真实验证明,本文所提方法在跟踪精度上优于交互式多模型算法、长短时记忆网络等模型。Abstract: Skywave over-the-horizon radar (OTHR) has unique advantages in remote target detection and tracking; however, it also has the disadvantages of low measurement accuracy and difficult target tracking. To this end, this paper proposes a target-tracking approach in the OTHR measurement coordinate system, namely the dual-channel feature fusion transformer network (DcFFTNet). DcFFTNet uses a dual-channel feature fusion module to extract target trajectory sequence information from different dimensions. It constructs feature vectors for each time step of the entire trajectory sequence, ensuring that the features from each dimension can be fully expressed. This enables a more comprehensive description of the target’s motion state and characteristics. Moreover, DcFFTNet uses a multi-head deformable attention mechanism to adaptively focus on crucial parts of the trajectory sequence, thereby better capturing critical measurement information during the tracking process. Consequently, this method enhances the feature representation of trajectory sequences and enables adaptive information extraction, thus making it effective for tracking targets detected by OTHR. To facilitate the training and testing of the network model, this study developed a target trajectory generator. Based on the state space model and OTHR measurement model, it creates a dataset of target trajectory samples with combined motion patterns of constant velocity and constant turn-rate. Simulations show that the approach in this paper outperforms models, such as the unscented Kalman filter and long short-term memory networks in tracking accuracy.
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