含可控干扰抑制约束的环形差分麦克风阵列设计
Design of Circular Differential Microphone Arrays with Controllable Interference Suppression Constraints
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摘要: 差分麦克风阵列旨在借助阵元紧密排布的小型麦克风阵列响应声压场的梯度,具有空间增益高、空间响应不随频率改变、阵列孔径小等优势,已在空间音频、电话会议、智能家居、助听、安防等领域得到了广泛应用。其中,环形差分麦克风阵列作为一类常见的差分麦克风阵列,调向能力强且易于部署,应用前景尤为广阔。目前,大多数环形差分麦克风阵列的设计主要采用基于Jacobi-Anger级数展开的方法,以逼近期望的空间响应为设计目标。然而,基于此类方法设计的环形差分麦克风阵列仍然缺乏灵活抑制工作环境中干扰的能力,从而影响拾取的声信号的质量。针对这一问题,本文将研究含可控干扰抑制约束的环形差分麦克风阵列的设计方法。该方法将此类环形差分麦克风阵列的设计问题归纳为一类约束优化问题,通过给定约束条件的参数调整对干扰的抑制能力。经过逐步简化,该问题可最终转化为二次特征值问题,并且能够通过解析的方式进行求解。仿真实验的结果表明,本文所提出的方法能够实现满足可控干扰抑制的波束设计,可以在保证信干比指标的前提下逼近目标响应。同时,相比于直接借助零点约束实现干扰抑制,该方法设计的环形差分麦克风阵列稳健性更好,可降低环形差分麦克风阵列对阵列误差、自噪声等因素的敏感程度。Abstract: Differential microphone arrays (DMAs) are designed to leverage compact microphone arrangements to measure the gradient of the sound pressure field. They offer advantages such as high spatial gain, frequency-invariant spatial response, and a small array aperture. Consequently, DMAs have found wide application in areas such as spatial audio, teleconferencing, smart home systems, hearing aids, and security systems. Among various DMA configurations, the circular DMA (CDMA) is noteworthy for its beam-steering capability and ease of deployment, making it suitable for a broad range of applications. The majority of existing CDMA designs rely on methods that approximate the desired spatial response using the Jacobi-Anger expansion. However, CDMAs designed using this approach often lack the flexibility needed to effectively suppress interference in practical scenarios, which can degrade the quality of the captured acoustic signals. To address this limitation, this paper proposes a design methodology for CDMAs with controllable interference suppression constraints. The approach formulates the array design as a constrained optimization problem, wherein the degree of interference suppression can be flexibly adjusted via the constraint parameters. Through a series of transformations, the problem is ultimately reduced to a quadratic eigenvalue problem, allowing for explicit analytical solutions. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves beamforming designs that satisfy predefined interference suppression requirements while closely approximating the target spatial response under a specified signal-to-interference ratio (SIR). Furthermore, compared to approaches that impose direct post-null constraints, the arrays designed using this method exhibit greater robustness, effectively mitigating sensitivity to array imperfections and self-noise.