面向通信感知一体化的无人机集群上行链路物理层安全传输
Physical Layer Security for UAV Swarm Uplink Transmission with Integrated Sensing and Communication
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摘要: 作为第六代(the Sixth Generation, 6G)通信网络的关键技术之一,通信感知一体化(Integrated Sensing and Communication, ISAC)通过共享硬件架构与信号处理机制,在完成无线通信的同时实现对环境的感知,提高频谱效率,降低硬件成本。同时,无人机(Unmanned Aerial Vehicle, UAV)作为三维空间智能节点,凭借其机动灵活、覆盖广、成本低的优势,在军事侦察、物流配送、灾害救援等领域具有广泛应用。有必要研究融入UAV的ISAC网络以提升频谱效率和低空资源利用率。此外,无线通信的广播特性对ISAC网络敏感信息的传输带来了严重挑战,亟需基于物理层安全技术提升信息传输的安全性能。该文考虑ISAC场景下UAV集群的上行链路物理层安全传输问题,其中一个地面ISAC基站向UAV集群传输保密信息,同时对多个地面目标进行感知。UAV集群附近存在多个窃听UAV对保密信息进行窃听。为提升地面基站执行ISAC任务时的物理层安全性能,对其发射波束形成以及UAV集群的轨迹进行联合优化,并提出一种基于深度强化学习(Deep Reinforcement Learning, DRL)的算法完成对该优化问题的求解。首先提出感知性能约束下总的平均保密速率最大化问题并将其归结为马尔可夫决策过程(Markov Decision Process, MDP),随后通过精心设计的动作网络与策略网络实现优化变量的联合优化,最终提升了所考虑ISAC网络的物理层安全性能。仿真实验表明,与基准算法相比,本文所提方法能够实现185.3%的平均保密速率提升,并验证了所提方法进行轨迹规划及波束形成设计的有效性。Abstract: As a key enabling technology for sixth-generation (6G) communication networks, integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) facilitates both wireless communication and environmental sensing by sharing hardware architectures and signal processing mechanisms. This integration enhances spectrum efficiency while reducing hardware costs. Concurrently, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), functioning as intelligent nodes in three-dimensional space, have gained widespread application in many fields, such as military reconnaissance, logistics delivery, and disaster response, owing to their flexibility, wide coverage, and cost-effectiveness. Investigating ISAC networks integrated with UAVs is essential for enhancing spectrum efficiency and optimizing the utilization of low-altitude resources. However, the broadcast nature of wireless communication presents significant challenges to the secure transmission of sensitive information in ISAC networks. This underscores the need to enhance information security through physical layer security techniques. This study focuses on the physical layer secure transmission in a UAV swarm uplink scenario, wherein a ground ISAC base station transmits confidential information to the UAV swarm while sensing multiple ground targets. Multiple eavesdropping UAV positioned near the UAV swarm attempt to intercept the confidential information. To enhance the physical layer security performance of the ground ISAC base station tasks, a joint optimization problem is formulated involving the transmit beamforming strategy of the ISAC base station and the trajectory planning of the UAV swarm. A deep reinforcement learning (DRL) based algorithm is proposed to solve this optimization problem. First, a sum average secrecy rate maximization problem is formulated under sensing performance constraints and subsequently modeled as a Markov decision process (MDP). The security performance of the ISAC network is then improved through joint optimization of the decision variables via carefully designed action and policy networks. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method enhances the average secrecy rate by 185.3% compared to a benchmark algorithm, thereby validating its effectiveness in both trajectory planning and beamforming design.