面向OTFS系统的扩频峰均比抑制
Spread Spectrum Peak-to-Average Power Ratio Suppression for OTFS System
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摘要: 正交时频空(Orthogonal Time Frequency Space, OTFS)调制技术因其在多普勒频偏和时延条件下的适应能力,正逐渐应用于高动态场景中。作为一种多载波调制方式,尽管OTFS技术在高速移动通信中表现出色,但其高峰均比(Peak-to-Average Power Ratio, PAPR)问题依然亟待解决。高峰均比问题容易导致OTFS信号出现非线性失真,降低信号质量,进而影响通信系统的整体性能。为了有效降低OTFS系统信号波形的峰均比并提升系统的整体传输性能,本文提出了一种基于扩频的OTFS系统峰均比抑制方案。具体而言,通过软扩频和直接序列扩频的方式在时延-多普勒域内对OTFS信息符号进行扩展,利用Zadoff-Chu(ZC)序列良好的自相关性和恒模特性以及m序列良好的自相关性,能够显著抑制系统信号的峰均比,从而减少信号非线性失真,提升系统传输能力。进一步通过理论推导,本文说明了在相移键控(Phase Shift Keying, PSK)调制条件下,当OTFS系统符号数大于扩频因子且为其2的整数次幂倍数时,发射信号波形的峰均比更高。仿真结果表明,相较于原始OTFS系统,提出的扩频OTFS系统在峰均比方面表现出显著改善,尤其基于ZC序列的软扩频OTFS系统,其发射信号呈现出恒模特性,极大降低了对功率放大器线性度的要求。同时,基于m序列的直接序列扩频方案亦在发射信号峰均比方面实现了约8.5 dB的改善。仿真结果验证了理论分析的正确性,并且表明提出的扩频OTFS系统具有更优的传输性能。Abstract: Orthogonal Time Frequency Space (OTFS) modulation technology is increasingly being applied in high-dynamic scenarios due to its adaptability to Doppler shifts and delay conditions. Although OTFS as a multicarrier modulation scheme demonstrates strong performance in high-mobility communication, it faces a significant challenge with its high Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR). High PAPR can lead to nonlinear distortion in OTFS signals, degrading signal quality and adversely affecting the overall performance of communication systems. To effectively reduce the PAPR of OTFS system waveforms and enhance transmission performance, this study proposes a PAPR suppression scheme based on spreading techniques. Specifically, by employing soft spreading and direct sequence spreading in the delay-Doppler domain, OTFS information symbols are extended using the favorable autocorrelation and constant modulus properties of Zadoff-Chu (ZC) sequences, along with the strong autocorrelation of m-sequences. This approach significantly suppresses signal PAPR, reduces nonlinear distortion, and enhances system capacity. Through theoretical derivation, this study further demonstrates that under Phase Shift Keying (PSK) modulation, the transmitted signal waveform exhibits higher PAPR when the number of OTFS symbols exceeds the spreading factor and is an integer power of two of the spreading factors. Simulation results show that, compared to the original OTFS system, the proposed spreading-based OTFS system offers substantial improvements in PAPR performance. In particular, the soft-spreading OTFS system based on Zadoff-Chu (ZC) sequences displays constant modulus characteristics in its transmitted signal, significantly reducing the linearity requirements for power amplifiers. Additionally, the direct sequence spreading scheme based on m-sequences achieves approximately an 8.5 dB improvement in the PAPR of the transmitted signal. The simulation results validate the accuracy of the theoretical analysis and indicate that the proposed spreading-based OTFS system enhances transmission performance.