基于势平衡多伯努利滤波的多传感器纯方位多目标跟踪
Multi-Sensor Bearing-Only Multi-Target Tracking Based on Cardinality Balanced Multi-Bernoulli Filter
-
摘要: 被动传感器不主动发射信号,通常仅获得目标的角度量测信息,无法获得径向距离信息,这种仅利用角度量测信息对多目标跟踪的方法称为纯方位多目标跟踪。实际应用中,纯方位多目标跟踪面临三个主要问题:一是由于被动传感器只获取目标的角度量测,导致量测信息不完备;二是量测方程存在高度非线性;三是由于传感器可能接收到杂波等非目标产生的量测,导致量测源不确定。针对上述问题,本文提出一种多传感器贪婪伪线性粒子势平衡多伯努利滤波。首先采用Rao-Blackwell理论将混合目标状态向量分解,将与量测值相关的位置分量视为非线性分量,而与量测值无关的速度分量视为线性分量,并分别采用粒子滤波器(Particle Filter, PF)和卡尔曼滤波器(Kalman Filter, KF)进行处理,从而有效降低粒子滤波采样维度。其次,针对传统粒子采样严重依赖模型的问题,基于伪线性卡尔曼滤波器(Pseudo-linear Kalman Filter, PLKF)设计一种新型粒子采样方法,即利用PLKF和最新量测信息构造重要性密度函数,并对非线性分量进行粒子采样;在更新阶段采用贪婪量测划分策略选取最优量测集合,并利用最优量测集合中量测信息实现多目标状态集中式融合估计。最后,通过仿真结果验证,本文所提滤波器能在杂波环境中仅利用角度量测对目标进行有效稳定的跟踪,相较于对比方法,所提滤波器能够更为准确估计目标数量和状态。Abstract: The bearing-only multi-target tracking method employs passive sensors, which do not actively emit signals to typically acquire only the angular measurement information of targets for multi-target tracking and cannot obtain radial distance information. This method faces three main challenges in practical applications: first, because passive sensors only obtain angular measurements of targets, the measurement information is incomplete; second, the measurement equations exhibit high nonlinearity; and third, the sensors might have received clutter and other non-target-generated measurements, leading to measurement source uncertainty. This study addresses these issues by proposing a multi-sensor greedy pseudo-linear particle cardinality balanced multi-Bernoulli filter. Firstly, the Rao-Blackwell theory was employed to decompose the mixed target state vector, treating position components related to measurement values as nonlinear components and velocity components unrelated to measurement values as linear components, and processing them separately using particle filter (PF) and Kalman filter (KF) to effectively reduce the dimensionality of particle filter sampling. Secondly, a novel particle sampling method was designed based on the pseudo-linear Kalman filter (PLKF) to address the problem of traditional particle sampling heavily depending on models, i.e., using PLKF and the latest measurement information to construct the importance density function and sample nonlinear components. In the update phase, a greedy measurement partitioning strategy was employed to select the optimal measurement set, and the measurement information in the optimal measurement set was used to achieve centralized fusion estimation of multi-target states. Finally, the simulation results were verified, demonstrating that the proposed filter in this study effectively and stably tracks targets using only angular measurements in cluttered environments. Compared to the benchmark methods, the proposed filter more accurately estimates the number and state of targets.